How large should the battery be?
A proven rule of thumb for homes: about 1 kWh of usable capacity per 1,000 kWh of annual consumption, and no more than roughly 1 to 1.5 kWh per kWp of solar. A household with 4,500 kWh consumption and a 10 kWp system ends up at about 5 to 8 kWh.
Bigger is not automatically better: an oversized battery rarely fills in winter and rarely empties on summer evenings. With a heat pump or an electric car the picture changes, and a closer look at the load profile pays off.
Emergency power, backup and retrofitting
Many batteries offer an emergency socket that powers individual devices during an outage. A backup system supplies the whole house or selected circuits and needs a grid disconnection in the meter cabinet.
Existing systems can usually be retrofitted, typically with an AC-coupled battery and its own inverter. For new systems a hybrid inverter (DC coupling) is often the more efficient option.